Air Bound
A condition which occurs when a pump body is filled with air and a vacuum can no longer be formed to pull water into the pump.

Air Compresor PSI
Refers to air pressure in Pounds per Square Inch. This is an important rating when matching tools to a compressor. (Never use more PSI than the manufacturer recommends for a particular tool.)

Air Compressor Air Exchange Tube
The tube that transfers air from receiver tank to receiver tank. (twin tank models)

Air Compressor Automatic Drain Valve
Require no operator attention and automatically purge water, oil, dust, rust, metals and other debris to increase performance and decrease downtime.

Air Compressor Bull Whip Throttle Control
Pneumatic actuator that idles down the engine by using a remote cable.

Air Compressor Bypass
Diverting the pump's compressed air to atmosphere.

Air Compressor CFM
Refers to the volume or rate of air flow the compressor will deliver in Cubic Feet per Minute. Each tool or piece of equipment, while requiring a certain PSI to operate at it's proper strength, will also need a certain volume of air to be delivered at that PSI. (High speed tools such as grinders and sanders have high volume air consumption, requiring a higher CFM.) CFM also reflects the rate at which a compressor will refill the tank.

Air Compressor Contractor Duty
These units are a lower profile, portable (wheel barrow style) gas air compressor ideally suited to the job site where a more permanent type of installation is unavailable. I.E. new home construction

Air Compressor Cut In PSI
Air receiver PSI at which the pump starts or goes out of bypass for engine driven models.

Air Compressor Cut Out PSI
Air receiver PSI at which the pump stops or goes in bypass for engine driven models.

Air Compressor Direct Drive
Generally found on 5 HP and smaller units. These are quiet compressors compared to a belt driven model. The direct drive model uses less energy. The belt driven models are usually found on the larger industrial models.

Air Compressor Discharge Line
Tubing/components from the pump outlet to the check valve in the receiver.

Air Compressor Displacement
The rate at which dead air is replaced by compressed air.

Air Compressor Light Duty
These units are designed for jobs that require lower PSI and CFM ratings. I.E. inflating tires or operating spray guns

Air Compressor Lubricator
A lubricator ensures proper lubrication of internal moving parts of pneumatic tools.

Air Compressor Manifold
All ports are at equal pressure.

Air Compressor Medium Duty
These units are designed for jobs that require average levels of PSI and CFM. Average is approximately 90 PSI at 3-4 CFM and are generally 4-5 HP with an 11-26 gallon tank.

Air Compressor Professional Duty
These units are designed for jobs that require above average air consumption. I.E. auto shops, air-powered production equipment, and simultaneous multiple tool use

Air Compressor Recovery Time
The time from cut in to cut out at no load.

Air Compressor Safety Relief Valve
A normally closed valve that opens when the pressure is greater than the valve rating.

Air Compressor Single Stage
Compression from initial to final pressure is completed in a single step or piston stroke. These units normall insure ranges up to 100 PSI for continuous service and a maximum of 150 PSI for intermittent service.

Air Compressor Stages
Dividing the total pressure among two or more cylinders by feeding the exhaust from the first cylinder (low pressure) to the inlet of the next cylinder (high pressure). In multistage compressors the cylinder diameter is decreased from one stage to the next higher stage.

Air Compressor Two Stage
Compression from initial to final pressure is accomplished in two steps, air compressed in a first stage low pressure cylinder passing through a cooling coil to a second stage high pressure cylinder for final compression. Two stage compressors are normally used for pressure ranges of 100 PSI or greater.

Air Compressor Unloader
As the compressor cuts out, the unloader relieves pressure from the discharge line. This ensures that the compressor will not be loaded when the motor/engine starts.

Air Compressor Volumetric Efficiency
The actual volume capacity compared to the piston displacement. The efficiency of the pump drops as the pressure goes up.

Air Compressor Water Drain
Drains moisture from the air receiver. This should be done after each use to reduce corrosion to the tank.

Air Compressor Working Pressure
The maximum safe operation pressure.

Air Compressor
An air compressor is a machine that compresses air into a confined area to be used to power tools and equipment. The basic parts of an air compressor are the tank, motor, and pump.

Air Cooled Engine
Does not require a radiator but does require adequate air flow around the engine.

Air Filter
Filters out moisture, dust, rust, etc… from the compressed air.

Air Receiver
The air receiver is simply the air storage tank.

Air Regulator
Allow the user to adjust the PSI on the compressor.

Aluminum Oxide Abrasive
Aluminum Oxide is one of the most popular man-made abrasives. It is used in industry for sanding all types of material, including wood, metal, plastic and fiberglass. Coated on both paper and cloth backings, for use on sheets, discs and belts, it is used for both machine and hand sanding applications. Its toughness and cutting characteristics make it longer lasting.

Amp Rating
The measure of strength of an electric current.

Angle Grinder
A tool that is designed for grinding angles to prepare for welding, grind and finish welds, clean slag from flame cutting or for quick cut-off applications.

Arc Voltage
Voltage is the pressure necessary to push current across the gaseous gap of an arc.

Arc Welder
Use electricity instead of gas as a heat source to deposit filler metal and fuse two or more pieces of metal together.

Arc
The flow of electricity across an open gap.

ASME Code
American Society on Mechanical Engineers standards are used to test and certify our 30, 80, and 120 gallon air receivers.

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Base Metal
The metal to be welded, brazed, soldered or cut.

Battery Charger
A battery charger converts household electricity to direct current needed to recharge a battery. Direct current has polarity. The amount of electricity the charger puts into the battery is measured in amperes and is shown on the ampmeter built into most chargers. The charging begins on a dead battery with a large amount of current going into the battery so the chargers ampmeter registers towards the high end of the scale and declines towards the zero end of the meter as the battery becomes more fully charged.

Beadlock
The bump on a wheel to help hold the tire on the wheel. Especially important with low inflation pressure tires.

Bearing Size or ID
The inside diameter (ID) of the bearing which corresponds to the outside diameter (OD) of the spindle or axle on which the wheel is mounted.

Bearing
Machined part that allows a hub to spin on a spindle.

Belt Sander
A class of tool consisting of two rollers, one powered and one an idler, in which a sanding belt travels across.

Belt-Drive Generator Heads
These are generator heads with no engine. The customer usually supplies his own gas engine and attaches it via a belt. Most of these are designed to be run at a set RPM or damage may result.

Bench and Pedestal Grinder
A tool used to grind down metal or other materials. Ideal for sharpening drill bits, chisels, or for offhand deburring, shaping and limited stock removal on all types of material.

Bevel
An angular type of edge preperation.

Bias Ply Tire
Plies of nylon cord that run diagonally as opposed to one another on a tire from bead to bead.

Blue Flame Heater
These heaters work much like a central heating system, warming the air first, then people and objects. The heat is gentle as warmth occurs gradually. Because these heaters burn very efficiently, no venting or chimney is needed. A matchless push-button Piezo electric starter which requires no batteries or electricity is used.

Brake Backing Plate
Carries the brake shoes and mechanism used to actuate the brakes. Generally bolted to the brake flange.

Brake Drum and Hub
The combination of bearing hub and brake drum. Generally mounted after the brake backing plate is installed.

Brake Flange
The flat metal flange welded to the axle which allows you to attach a brake backing plate.

Buffer
A tool electric or pneumatic that uses a soft, rotating surface to enhance the surface quality of a work piece.

Burst Pressure
The pressure which causes rupture. Also, the inside-out differential pressure that causes outward structural failure.

Butt Joint
A joint between two pieces of metal lying in the same plain.

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Capacitor Run Electric Motor
Also referred to as air compressor motors these are very similar to capacitor start motors with one additional feature. These motors will also use a capacitor while the motor is running. These are most commonly found on applications such as air compressors where extra torque is necessary.

Capacitor Start Electric Motor
These motors will have one or more capacitors mounted to the motor that store electricity until it is turned on. The capacitor gives the motor an extra boost of electricity to reduce the starting current draw and increase starting torque.

Cavitation
The shock of thousands of bubbles collapsing inside a pump quickly pitting metal surfaces and seals. Cavitation is caused by lack of water at the inlet of the pump.

Chain Gauge
Chain gauge is the drive link's thickness where it fits into the guide bar groove. The industry standard for chain gauges is: .050 inch, .058 inch, and .063 inch.

Chain Oil Reservoir
Lubricates the chain and bar on a chain saw to prevent overheating. Most chain saws have automatic oilers.

Chain Pitch
Chain pitch is the distance between any three consecutive rivets, divided by two. The industry standard for chain pitch is: 1/4 inch, .325 inch, 3/8 inch, and .404 inch.

Chain Saw Blade Brake
Chain saw kickback drives the users hand into the blade brake and instantly stops the chain. Use it like a parking brake to lock the chain when you carry the saw. Always engage the brake when not cutting. This is not found on all saws.

Chain Saw Chain Catcher
Found on the bottom of the saw engine as far forward as possible. It is designed to catch a broken or jumping chain.

Chain Saw Chain
The actual blades that do the cutting of the wood. Adjust tension frequently and wear gloves when handling. Anti-kickback and low profile chains are safest.

Chain Saw Danger Zone
If the teeth in this area contact wood, the chain saw will kick back violently. The danger zone from the end of the bar/tip of the saw is the area just above the end coming back toward the user.

Chain Saw Front Hand Guard
A bar in front of the top handle designed to stop a slipping hand from coming in contact with the chain.

Chain Saw Rear Hand Guard
The lower part of the rear handle on the chain saw designed to protect the hand from jumping or broken chain.

Chain Saw Stop Switch
The stop switch should be located so that it can be activated easily by your right thumb without losing your grip on the rear handle of the saw.

Chain Saw Throttle Trigger Lockout
Prevents the accidental opening of the throttle. The throttle trigger is locked in the idling position when the lockout is not engaged by the proper hand grip on the handle.

Chain Saw Vibration Damping
Rubber bushings between the handle and saw body or on the engine mountings which help reduce the operator's exposure to vibration.

Chain Tension
Chain tension is an important safety consideration. If the chain is too loose it will wear out more quickly. If the chain is too tight the chain will move when the engine is idling. A saw with either of these conditions is dangerous. Each manufacturers owners manual describes the proper chain tension for the particular saw.

Check Valve
A check valve allows air to flow in one direction but not the opposite direction.

Chop or Cut-Off Saw
A stationary tool designed for quick cutting of all types of materials which provides a straight, clean cut on materials from metal drywall studs to angle iron.

Chuck
The part on a drill containing a shaft opening for holding exchangeable bit shanks of drill bits or accessories in place.

Circular Saw
A portable, heavy-duty cutting tool which works well on a variety of projects, from framing a wood or metal building to rough metal fabrication work. Ideal for cutting, cleaning and slotting of all types of metal or masonry.

Clevis
A u-shaped mounting device which contains a common pin hole at right angle to the axis of symmetry through each arm of the u. A clevis usually connects with an eye.

Coated Electrode
A metal or alloy rod used in arc welding which is coated with materials to aid in control of the arc and placing of the weld.

Coin
The taper around a bolt hole that helps to hold torque or tension on the nut or wheel bolt.

Compliance Engine
These are vertical shaft engines designed for lawnmowers. They comply with federal laws requiring a brake on the flywheel that stops the engine when the operator releases the handle.

Contractor Generator
These are usually ruggedly built to handle lots of abuse. Most will have a full rollcage to protect against damage. These generators are usually large, requiring a wheel kit with handles for greater mobility on the job site. A contractor generator must have GFCI (ground fault circuit interruption) as required by OSHA.

Corrosion
The chemical change in the mechanical elements caused by the interaction of fluid or contaminants, or both. More specifically related to chemical changes in metals.

Crater
Depression at the end of a weld bead.

Cycle
A single complete operation consisting of progressive functions starting and ending at the neutral position.

Cylinder Double Acting
A cylinder in which fluid pressure can be applied to the movable piston rod in either direction.

Cylinder Single Acting
A cylinder in which the fluid pressure can be applied to the piston in only one direction.

Cylinder
A device which converts fluid pressure and flow into the linear mechanical force and motion. It usually consists of a movable plunger or ram, operating within a cylindrical bore.

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Demountable Wheel
Mounts with wheel bolts or nuts onto a hub or brake drum.

Deposit
Filler metal added during a welding operation.

Dewatering
The function wherby water is moved from one area to another by use of a pump.

Directional Control Valve
A valve whose primary function is to direct or prevent flow through selected passages.

Disc Sander
A sander in which a sanding disc rotates on an arbor.

Discharge Hose
A hose or tube used to carry water water from the discharge side of the pump.

Drawdown
The distance that the water level in a well is lowered by pumping. It is the difference between the Static Water Level and the Pumping Level.

Drill Bit Extension
A shaft with collar and two set screws which extends the reach of any drill bit.

Drill Bit
A hole-forming metal tool that fits in a drill's chuck. All drill bits, regardless of type, have a pointed cutting tip. Bits are available in a wide range of sizes rated in numbers, fractions, metrics, or by letter designation.

Drill Driver
A drill which has an adjustable torque clutch so the torque can be increased to drill holes and decreased to drive screws.

Drip-Proof Electric Motors
These motors will have all of its cooling vents situated so that any dust or moisture will not be able to contaminate the innards of the motor. These are commonly used in shop applications where sawdust or metal particles are present in the air.

Drop Center
The lowest part of a wheel which allows for tubeless tire mounting.

Dual Element Air Cleaner
Double filters intake air for longer engine life.

Duty Cycle
Rated duty cycle is the percentage of a 10 minute period a welding machine must deliver its rated electrical current load.

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Electric Motor Enclosure
The housing around the motor available in drip-proof, totally enclosed, and explosion proof.

Electric Motor Frame
The configuration on the baseplate of the motor. If the frame can not be matched new holes can be drilled or baseplates can be switched from other motors.

Electric Motor Multi-Speed
Multi-speed motors are designed for two or more definite rates of speed remaining practically constant regardless of load changes.

Electric Motor Service Factor
The amount of additional horsepower over and above a motor's listed rating that it can deliver when necessary as a protection against overload. This is usually given as a percentage of the listed horsepower.

Electric Motor Synchronious Speed
The speed at which a motor will operate if the rotor turns at exactly the speed of the magnetic field that drives the rotor.

Elevation
The vertical distance between the level where fluid enters a pipe and the level where it leaves.

Engine Alternator
Engine is equipped to recharge a 12V starter battery.

Engine Aluminum Alloy Bore
Engine cylinder wall is not cast iron but is made of Aluminum Alloy.

Engine Aluminum Flywheel
Light weight flywheel which must have a mower blade directly attached to it.

Engine Automatic Decompression
Allows for easier turning over of the engine to start it.

Engine Auxiliary PTO Shaft
A cam shaft that extends out the side plate of a horizontal engine for reverse gearing.

Engine Ball Bearing Shaft
The drive shaft is held in place by a ball bearing and spins inside it.

Engine Bolt Circle
The diameter of pump bracket mounting holes on the side plate of an engine around the shaft.

Engine Cast Iron Sleeve
Engine cylinder sleeve is made of cast iron for longer life.

Engine Electric Start
Uses a battery or 110V powered motor to start the engine via a keyswitch or button.

Engine Electronic Ignition
Fires a spark electronically.

Engine Gear Reduction
A gear case mounted to an engine to reduce the speed of the crankshaft.

Engine Keyway
A slot or groove in crankshaft for attachment of clutches, pulleys, etc…

Engine Low Oil Shutdown
Will automatically shut engine down if oil level is insufficient for safe operation.

Engine Mechanical Governor
Throttles engine up to maintain RPM under load.

Engine Mounting Pattern
The bolt hole pattern on the bottom of the crankcase that is used to mount the engine to its application.

Engine PTO Height
The distance from the mounting base to the center of the PTO on a horizontal engine shaft.

Engine Toothed Flywheel
Flywheel can work with an electric starter.

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Fender
A cover that goes over the top of a tire to prevent mud, water, and debris from being thrown.

Filler Metal
Metal to be added in making a weld.

Finishing Sander
A term for a sander that moves in very small orbits creating a very tight scratch pattern.

Fixed Axle
A fixed axle is mounted firmly to the frame so that the axle itself does not spin.

Float Mode Monitoring Battery Charger
Charger holds battery to approximately 13.2 volts to guard against self-discharge. Charging is minimal using only a few tenths of an amp.

Float Switch
An electrical switch which is responsive to liquid level.

Flow Control Valve
A valve whose primary function is to control flow rate.

Flow Meter
A device which indicates either flow rate, total flow, or a combination of both.

Flow Switch
An electrical switch operated by a fluid flow.

Fluid Power System
A system that transmits and controls power through use of a pressurized fluid within an enclosed circuit.

Flux
Material used to prevent, dissolve or ease removal of oxides and undesirable substances.

Flux-Cored Arc Welding
A process that welds by heating with an electric arc between a continuous tubular filler metal electrode (wire) and the workpiece. Powered flux within the wire provides shielding to the weld.

Forstner Bits
Designed to provide smooth, precise, flat bottom holes in wood. They are constructed of high-speed steel that withstands heat at greater temperatures.

Four Cyle or Four Stroke Engine
Engine is lubricated by oil in the crankcase. Gas and oil are not mixed for fuel.

Friction Loss
The loss of pressure or head due to the resistance to flow in the pipe and fittings. Friction loss is influenced by pipe size and fluid velocity and is usually expressed in feet of head.

Full Load Running Torque
The amount of torque produced by a motor when running at its rated full load speed and rated horsepower. This is the force that the shaft turns with at full speed.

Full Pressure Lubrication Engine
Engine is lubricated by means of an oil pump located in the crankcase.

Fully Automatic Battery Charger
The charger turns off automatically when the battery is fully charged. As the battery loses power the charger automatically turns back on.

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Gauge Pressure (PSIG)
The pressure shown on an air gauge.

Geared Reduction
Gears added between a motor's armature and the output shaft or arbor to attain slower speeds.

GPH
Gallons Per Hour

GPM
Gallons Per Minute

Grille Guard Winch Mounting Kit
Mounting kit which does not interfere with the original bumper that comes with a vehicle.

Grinding Wheel or Blade
A bonded abrasive product consisting of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide or zirconia alumina used for cutting steel, concrete, aluminum and more.

Grit
Refers to the size of the abrasive particles on sander backings. 36, 40, 50, and 60 grit are considered coarse grits; 80, 100, and 120 are considered medium grits; 150 and 180 are fine grits; and 220, 320, and 400 are very fine grits.

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Hazardous Material
Any poisonous, volatile, explosive or flammable fluid which should not be moved with a pump designed for dewatering with gasoline or diesel driven engines.

Head
The distance the pump will push water vertically. The greater the distance the higher the pressure developed by the pump.

High Pressure Water Pump
For clear water applications requiring high discharge pressure, or where long hose runs are needed. High pressure pumps will push water up to 200 vertical feet.

High Speed Tire
Tires rated at 50 MPH.

Homeowner Backup Generator
Also known as an emergency generator, these are usually 5000 watts or larger, depending on the homeowners needs and are powered by gasoline. Diesel, natural gas or propane models are also available.

Horizontal Engine
Crankshaft comes out the side of the engine.

Horizontal Run
The horizontal distance between the point where fluid enters a pipe and the point at which it leaves.

Horsepower
The rate at which work is done determined by dividing the work done in foot-pounds by the time involved.

Hub Length
The distance from the outside of one bearing to the outside of the opposite bearing.

Hub
Machined metal part which houses the bearings and provides a place to attach the tires and rims.

Hydraulic Motor
A device which converts hydraulic fluid power into mechanical force and motion by transfer of flow under pressure. It usually provides rotary mechanical motion.

Hydraulic Power Unit
A combination of components to facilitate fluid storage and conditioning, and delivery of the fluid under conditions of controlled pressure and flow to the discharge port of the pump, including maximum pressure controls and sensing devices when applicable. Circuitry components, although sometimes mounted on the reservoir, are not considered part of the power unit.

Hydraulic Pump
A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid power by means of producing flow.

Hydraulic Reservoir
A vessel or tank for storing and conditioning liquid in a hydraulic system.

Hydraulic Valve
A valve for controlling liquid flow or pressure.

Hydraulic Winch
A winch which is powered by a hydraulic system. This type of winch is considered the most heavy duty and consists of a hydraulic pump, control valves, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic tank and lines, and finally the winch itself.

Hydraulics
Of or pertaining to the engineering science of liquid pressure and flows.

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Inertia
The property of an object to remain at rest or remain moving unless acted upon by some outside source. In motors, inertia refers to the driven load. Once a load is in motion the amount of power to keep it in motion is reduced.

Inflation Pressure
Normal operating PSI of a tire.

Inner Liner
Additional lining in a tubeless tire to help it hold air.

Integral Hub Wheel
Tubing is welded into wheel to create the hub. Bearings are then inserted into the tubing.

Intercooler
The intercooler cools the compressed air as it travels from one stage to the next higher stage. The flywheel/fan creates an air flow that rushes past and cools the intercooler.

Inverter
Designed to convert 12V DC power into 110V AC, inverters are normally wired to the charging system on an automobile. Inverters should be used only in light duty, short-term usage situations. Joint Penetration The minimum depth a weld extends from its face into the joint, excluding reinforcement.

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Keyless Chuck
A drill chuck which opens and closes around a bit shank without the use of a chuck key.

Kickback
This is the most common cause of serious chain saw injury. It occurs when the chain on the bar nose contacts an object like another log or a branch. It can also occur if a log or branch pinches the chain while it is cutting. The result is a violent backward and/or upward motion of the chain saw. This usually occurs when the saw operator least expects it.

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Lift
The ability of a pump to pull a liquid vertical. The height of a column or body of fluid below a given point expressed in linear units. Lift is often used to indicate vacuum or pressure below atmosphere.

Live Axle
A live axle has the wheels, drive sprocket and brake drum mounted firmly to the axle and the whole axle assembly then spins together.

Log Splitter Beam Size
Measured as the width of the beam by the weight in pounds per foot.

Log Splitter Wedge
The anvil that is forced into the log when split.

Log Splitter Working Height
The distance from the ground to the horizontal splitting surface. On a vertical splitter, the working height is approximately one inch, eliminating the need to lift heavy logs.

Low Speed Tire
Less than 10 MPH.

Lubricator
A device which adds controlled or metered amounts of lubricant into a pneumatic system.

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Manual Battery Charger
The user turns the charger on and off. Output current drops to half the charging rate as the battery approaches a full charge. Charging must be monitored to prevent overcharging.

MIG Welder
Metal Inert Gas welders furnish the welding rod in a continuous roll fed through a handle. The speed that the wire is fed is controlled by the operator. With the small diameter of wires the hot rod and molten pool of weld are protected from oxidation by a flow of inert gas that comes from the gun to enclose the area being welded.

Motor Bearings
Support both ends of the motor shaft allowing it to rotate smoothly with a minimum of wear and friction. Motors come with either sleeve bearings or ball bearings.

Muffler
A device for reducing gas flow noise. Noise is decreased by back pressure control of gas expansion.

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NEMA
The National Electric Manufacturers' Association. An organization which establishes certain voluntary industry standards related to motors.

Nipple
A short length of pipe or tube.

NPT
National Std. Pipe-Tapered.

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OHC (Over Head Cam) Engine
Cam shaft and valves are mounted above the piston in the cylinder head.

OHV (Over Head Valve) Engine
Intake and exhaust valve are mounted above the piston in the cylinder head.

Orbital Sander
A classification of sander that uses an orbital action to remove stock.

Output Stage
The final stage of hydraulic amplification used in the servovalve.

Overhead Valve Engine
Use extra large mufflers, intake silencers, and advanced piston, camshaft and gear technologies to produce a significant reduction in noise.

Overlap
Protusion of weld metal beyond the bondline at the toe of the weld.

Oxy-Acetylene Welder
Uses acetylene with pure oxygen instead of air to create temperatures up to 6000 degrees F. When the amoung of oxygen is varied, the flame can be used to either weld or cut.

Oxygen Depletion Sensor
Automatically shuts off gas flow before oxygen levels fall below safe levels.

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Phase
Refers to the number of leads that supply power to an appliance. Most home and farm electrical sources will be single phase, meaning only two leads supply power to the appliance. Commercial or industrial applications are commonly three phase, with three electrical leads supplying power.

Pilot Hole
The hole in the center of a wheel which fits over the hub and spindle.

Pipe Thread Tapered
Pipe threads in which the pitch diameter follows a helical cone to provide interference in tightening.

Pipe Thread
Screw threads for joining pipe.

Pipe
A tubular shaped passage for fluid conduction.

Planetary Gear System
Gearing system using a central drive or sun gear aound which two or more gears (planets) rotate.

Plasma Arc Cutting
An arc cutting process which severs metal by using a constricted arc to melt a small area of the work. This process can cut all metals that conduct electricity.

Pneumatic Clutch
Freewheel device which is activated by use of air pressure and is used for remote activation of a winch freespooling mechanism.

Pneumatic Tires
Tires that are inflated to pressure above normal atmospheric pressure.

Porosity
Gass pockets or voids in metal.

Port
An internal or external terminus of a passage in a component.

Portable Cut-Off Saw
A cutting tool used for metal and masonry work. These tools run at a higher RPM and are ideal for deburring, cleaning, slotting and cutting.

Portable Oil and Propane Heater
These heaters are ideal for use in shops, garages, or outside work sites. They are available in radiant and forced air.

Power
The time rate at which work is done.

Power Unit
A combination of pump, pump drive, reservoir, controls and conditioning components which may be required for its application.

Pressure Switch
A pressure switch has preset cut in/cut out pressure points to control engine/motor.

Pressure Switch
An electrical switch operated by fluid pressure.

Pressure Washer Axial Pump
A consumer duty, low cost pump that offers good performance for the dollar.

Pressure Washer Belt Drive Pump
The pump is coupled to the engine with belts and pulleys.

Pressure Washer Burner
A device used to efficiently convert fuel oil or gas into heat energy.

Pressure Washer Bypass
Direction of water flow away from hose and gun and back to inlet side of the pump.

Pressure Washer Coupling
Joins two fittins. Most commonly brass or galvanized.

Pressure Washer Detergent
Type of cleaning chemical whose action lifts soil and holds in suspension in water.

Pressure Washer Direct Drive Pump
The pump is directly mounted to the engine or motor.

Pressure Washer Down Stream
On or past the outlet side of the pump.

Pressure Washer EZ Start Unloader
Eliminates back pressure in the pump while starting the engine and makes the pressure washer easier to start.

Pressure Washer Flow Sensitive Unloader
Eliminates pressure in the entire system when gun is not squeezed. Relieved pressure in the hose means it will be less rigid when operating the machine.

Pressure Washer Gear Box Drive Pump
The pump is mounted to a gear box and then mounted to the motor.

Pressure Washer Lance
A length of tubing, usually metal, connecting gun with nozzle.

Pressure Washer Metering Valve
Allows control of the amount of chemical entering the system.

Pressure Washer Nozzle
A restrictive device at the end of a wand which squeezes water to increase impact.

Pressure Washer Safety Relief
Used on units producing pressures of 2000 PSI and above it provides additional protection in case the unloader fails. When the pressure builds to dangerous levels the valve opens and the pressure is relieved.

Pressure Washer Safety Valve
A pressure relief valve installed in a high pressure cleaning system to protect against overpressurization.

Pressure Washer Thermal Protection
Safeguards the pump against overheating by discharging hot water before it can damage the pump.

Pressure Washer Trigger Gun
A hand held device that opens a valve to allow flow to the nozzle when the trigger is depressed.

Pressure Washer Triplex Pump
A three plunger pump that offers smooth flow with minimal pulsation, the ability to obtain high pressures, and longer life.

Pressure Washer Unloader
Relieves the pressure in the pump when the spray gun is not squeezed.

Pressure Washer Wet Sandblasting
A use of a mixture of sand and water to remove paint or other materials from a surface.

Pressure
Force per unit area, usually expressed in pounds per square inch in the English system.

Pressure-Activated Loader
A valve that sends pressure washer pump output into bypass when pressure increases above a set level.

PTO Generator
These large generators are usually powered by the PTO (power take-off) system on a farm tractor. They are generally inexpensive compared to the wattage they offer because they have no engine.

PTO
Power Take Off.

Pulley Block
Also called a snatch block. Accessory used to enhance the pulling capacity of a winch by doubling the wire rope back to its origin and hooking the load to the wire rope.

Pump
A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid power. It produces flow.

Pumping Level
The lowest water level reached during pumping operation.

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Radial Tire
Plies of nylon are aligned across the surface of the tire or radically from bead to bead.

Radiant Heater
These heaters warm like the sun heating objects and people first, then the air. The plaques heat up instantly and provide a orange/red glow.

Random Orbital Sander
A small high-speed hand tool ideal for light stock removal with operating speeds up to 12,000 RPM.

Rated Flow
The maximum flow that the power supply system is capable of maintaining at a specific operating pressure.

Rated Line Pull
The maximum pulling capacity of the winch on the first layer of wire rope.

Rated Pressure
The qualified operating pressure, which is recommended for a component or a system by the manufacturer.

Reciprocating Compressor
Automotive engine type piston with connecting rod and a crankshaft.

Remote Control Switch
Sometimes referred to as a solenoid switch assembly. It is an electric switch used to control the spooling in and out of the cable.

Return Line
The lind conducting fluid from working devices to the reservoir.

Reversible Electric Motor
These motors are equipped with circuitry that enables the user to operate the motor in clockwise or counterclockwise rotation by reversing the wiring connections.

Rim
A term often used in place of the word wheel. The metal part of the tire and wheel assembly.

Roller Fairlead
A guide used on winches to aid in the retrieval of wire rope. Unlike the Hawse, the roller uses moveable rolls of steel to decrease the friction on the wire rope.

Rotary Sander
A classification of sander that utilizes a slow speed to drive discs.

RPM
Revolution Per Minute.

RPM
Revolutions Per Minute.

Running Torque
The effort a motor delivers at any given RPM or horsepower.

RV Generators
Similar to camping generators, these will meet National Park Regulations on noise and offer 12V battery charging. Unlike camping generators they will be larger and are designed to be mounted in a small compartment underneath the vehicle. Most are designed to be started remotely from inside the vehicle and are usually connected either to the gas tank of the vehicle or run on LP. Many are liquid cooled because of the restricted air flow in the generator compartment.

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Screw Extractor Bit
Used to back out broken screws, bolts, or other parts without damaging the existing threads or the items from which they are being extracted.

Screw Type Compressor
This compressor has two intermeshing helical rotors enclosed in a housing with an inlet port at one end and a discharge port at the other end.

Scroll Sander
A sander consisting of a square-ended metal blade that projects through a flat worktable.

Self-Priming
Refers to the ability of a pump to separate air from water and create a partial vacuum or low-pressure area in the pump body. This causes water to flow to the impeller and on through the pump.

Semi-Pneumatic Tires
Hollow center tires that have no air pressure inside.

Service Pressure
The range of pressure in the pressure tank during the pumping cycle, usually expressed in pounds per square inch gauge.

Servovalve
A valve which modulates output as a function of an input command.

Shackles
Flat metal pieces which allow the springs to flex without ripping the hangers from the frame.

Shaft Seal
A device mounted on the drive shaft between the impeller and the inside pump housing which creates an air tight chamber within the housing.

Shutoff Valve
A valve which operates fully open or fully closed.

Silicon Carbide Abrasive
A man-made, bluish-black abrasive offering the ability to cut materials under light pressure making it ideal for finishing metal and glass. It is the hardest and sharpest of all the abrasive types.

Skid Sprayer
A sprayer that can be placed on a trailer or in the back of a pick up truck.

Snow Blower
Also called a Dual or Two Stage Snow Blower. The snow is gathered by a low speed auger and is forced towards the center just like a snow thrower. The snow is then fed back to a high speed impeller that forces the snow up and out the chute.

Snow Thrower
Also called a Single Stage Snow Blower. The snow is gathered by a high speed auger or paddle and is forced towards the center of the auger or paddle. When the snow reaches the center-point, it is hurled or thrown upward.

Snowblower Engine
These engines are designed to run under extreme cold conditions. They feature a multi-position choke, an ignition key and a special carburetor setup that is designed to draw heat from the exhaust to warm the incoming air. Snowblower engines will typically feature a 120V AC electric start.

Spanner Wrench
An open end wrench designed for tightening hose couplings to the suction or discharge fittings on a pump body.

Spark Arrester
Keeps sparks from being ejected by the exhaust. The sparks occur when carbon deposits in the cylinder break loose and are ignited by the exhaust gases. Spark arresters are required in many areas.

Spatter
Metal particles expelled during welding that do not form part of the weld.

Spherical Solids
Particles of mud, sand, leaves, gravel and roots which are mixed with water and pass through the pump.

Spindle
The machined part of the axle on both ends. This is the part of the axle the bearings slide on to.

Split Phase Electric Motor
These are usually small, light duty motors for fans and blowers. Most are 1/2 HP or less. These motors will operate using either single phase 110V AC or three phase 110V in an industrial application.

Spot Welding
Usually made on materials having some type of overlapping joint design. Can refer to resistance, MIG, or TIG spot welding. Resistance spot welds are made from electrodes on both sides of the joint, while TIG and MIG spots are made from one side only.

Standard
A document, or an object for physical comparison, for defining product characteristics, products, or processes: prepared by a consensus of a properly constituted group of those substantially affected and having the qualifications to prepare the standard for voluntary use.

Standby Generator
These are usually permanently mounted to a concrete slab. They feature automatic or remote start/stop. Because of this feature they are usually fueled by natural gas, propane, or diesel.

Starter or Booster Battery Charger
These chargers are used to assist the battery when the vehicle's battery will not turn the engine over.

Starting Torque
The amount of torque produced by a motor as its rotor breaks free from a standstill and begins to spin.

Static or Standing Water Level
The undisturbed level of water in a well before pumping.

Stick Welding
An arc welding process which melts and joins metals by heating them with an arc, between a covered metal electrode and the work. Shielding gas is obtained from the electrode outer coating, often called flux. Filler metal is primarily obtained from the electrode core.

Strainer
A round fitting at the end of the suction hose which is matched to the size of a pump and permits solids only a certain size to enter the pump body. The strainer eliminates potential damage to the impeller.

Stringer Bead
A weld bead made without transverse oscillation.

Submergence
The vertical distance between Pumping Level and the bottom of a pump or jet assembly. Submergence must be sufficient to insure that the suction opening of the pump or jet assembly is always covered with water, while maintaining enough clearance from the bottom of the well to keep it out of sediment.

Submersible/Utility Water Pump
Typically electric pumps that are designed to be operated below the surface of the water, particularly where long running times are required.

Suction Hose
A flexible hose connected to the suction side of a pump and made of heavy rubber or plastic tubing with a reinforced inner wall to prevent collapsing.

Surge
A transient rise of pressure or flow.

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Tandem Trailer Axle
Refers to a trailer which has two axles instead of one allowing the trailer to carry additional weight.

Tank Assisted CFM
The tank assisted CFM rating is the continuous CFM rating of the pump at 90 PSI plus the tank's stored CFM for one minute at 90 PSI. Use tank assisted CFM rating when sizing the compressor for a large tool that will be operated for less than one minute between recovery times.

Tank
A container for the storage of fluid in a fluid power system.

Tapped and Threaded Engine Shaft
Center of shaft end is drilled then hole is threaded to accept a bolt.

Threaded Engine Shaft
Shaft is threaded externally.

Tie Plate
Metal plate which secures the spring to the axle using u-bolts.

Tie Rod
An axial external cylinder rod which traverses the length of the cylinder. It is prestressed at assembly to hold the ends of the cylinder against the tubing.

TIG Welding
This welding process joins metals by heating them with a tungsten electrode which should not become part of the completed weld. Filler metal is sometimes used and argon inert gas or inert gas mixtures are used for shielding.

Tire Aspect Ratio
Ratio of height to width.

Tire Section Width
The width of the tire at the widest point inflated.

Tire
The rubber part of a tire and wheel assembly.

Torque
A rotational twisting force. Force which tends to produce torsion or rotation. The amount of force produced by a motor to turn a shaft.

Torsion Suspension
A crank arm style suspension system that contains the springing mechanism in the bar that crosses the width of a trailer. This type of axle eliminates the need to purchase springs, shackles, and some mounting hardware separately.

Total Head
The distance a pump will lift and push a liquid. Lift plus head equals total head.

Totally Enclosed Electric Motors
These motors will be used in applications similar to drip-proof motors and are recommended for any outdoor use. These will have no cooling vents instead they have an internal cooling fan and no contamination is able to enter the motor at all.

Tracking Distance
The distance from the hub face on the right side of the trailer axle to the hub face on the left side of the trailer axle. If the rims of the tire assemblies are centered it can be measured from the center of the tire on the right to the center of the tire on the left.

Trailer Axle
A steel bar or tube that extends the width of the trailer. It supports the framework of the trailer when attached to the springs. Also serves as a mounting point for trailer hubs and tire assemblies.

Trailer Ball
Mounted on the hitch the trailer ball acts as a universal joint between the trailer and towing vehicle. The most common ball sizes are 1 7/8 inch, 2 inch, and 2 5/16 inch.

Trailer Bolt Circle
The distance from the center of the hub to the center of one of the tire mounting holes doubled.

Trailer Coupler
The formed metal part welded or bolted to the trailer tongue that allows the trailer to be attached to the coupler ball on the towing vehicle.

Trailer Hanger
A bracket mounted to the frame of the trailer which allow you to install the springs and shackles.

Trailer Hitch
Metal framework that attaches to the towing vehicle and is sometimes referred to as the receiver.

Trailer Jack
A lifting mechanism used to keep the coupler off the ground and allow for easier hookup to the towing vehicle.

Trailer Spring Center
The distance from center of the spring on the right side of the trailer to the center of the spring on the left side.

Trailer Spring
Cushions the trailer frame and cargo from bumps and pot holes in the road surface.

Trailer Tongue
The part of the trailer that separates the cargo from the towing vehicle. This is where the trailer coupler and jack are usually mounted.

Transfer Water Pump
Usually used to move fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, or water from one location to another. These pumps are characterized by high quality pump seals that do not deteriorate easily.

Trash Water Pumps
Trash pumps or semi trash pumps pump mud, small solids, and debris. These pumps are excellent emergency flood pumps and contractor pumps. They are characterized by the ability to pump large volumes of liquid, cast iron impellers and volute.

Tread Pattern
The outside appearance of the portion of the tire that hits the ground.

Trickle Charge Battery Charger
Provides 1, 1.5, or 2 amps for charging small batteries and keeps large batteries topped off.

Tube Type Tire
Requires a tube to be inserted into the tire to hold air.

Tube
A conductor whose size is its outside diameter. Tube is available in varied wall thickness.

Tubeless Tire
A tire that holds air without a secondary tube installed.

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Variable Seepage
The slow entering of water from either a water table or runoff with a continuous flow into an excavation or ditch.

Viscosity
A measure of the internal friction or the resistance of a fluid to flow.

Voltage
Voltage is the measurement of electrical force. It is the force that delivers current when electricity is applied to an electrical device.

Volute
The housing in which the impeller rotates with channels cast into the metal to direct the flow of water in a given direction.

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Water Pump Capacity
The total volume of liquid that can be moved in a given amount of time. Usually measured in GPM or GPH.

Weave Bead
Weld bead made with transverse oscillation.

Weld Metal
The portion of a weld which has melted during welding.

Weld
The local melting together of metal, produced by heating with or without the use of filler metal.

Welding Clamp
Helps position the workpieces and lock them in place while a weld is being made.

Welding Rod
Used to melt two pieces of metal together to form a weld.

Wheel Size
Equals size of hole in the tire.

Wheel Valve
Pressure sensitive rubber insert used to add or remove air from a tire.

Wheel Width
Bead to bead dimension.

Wheel
The steel rim the tire is mounted to.

Winch Brake
A feature on some winches that allow you to stop winching without losing ground.

Winch Bumper Mounting Kit
Replaces a vehicles original bumper and is made to accept the rated line pulling capacity of the winch.

Winch Tension Plate
Spring loaded device which applies pressure to wire rope on drum thus holding it in place.

Wire Rope
Constructed from a number of steel wires of high quality steel which is twisted in groups to fom a strand. Strands are then twisted together to form the rope.

Working Pressure
The pressure which overcomes the resistance of the working device.

Worm Drive
Worm and wheel gearing system where the worm drives the wheel which in turn will drive the drum mechanism.

Wrap
Refers to the number of turns of wire rope on a drum.

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